【树莓派5 测评】 + 15.Docker功能测试（zmj）

赵美京₁₉⁸⁸⁸ · 发表于 2024-4-30 16:48:52

本帖最后由赵美京₁₉⁸⁸⁸ 于 2024-4-30 16:50 编辑

【树莓派5 测评】 + 15.Docker功能测试（zmj）

Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的镜像中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux或Windows操作系统的机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口。

1. Docker安装

Docker安装有多种方式，此处仅举例两种，且推荐第二种。
1.1 安装方式1

常规安装：

//------安装指令
# 更新本地软件包列表
sudo apt update
# 更新已安装的包
sudo apt upgrade -y
# 安装依赖包
sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common -y
# 添加 Docker 官方 GPG 密钥
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
# 将存储库添加到 Apt 源
echo \
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
# 再次更新本地软件包列表，更新完成后可以使用 apt-cache madison docker-ce | awk '{ print $3 }' 列出存储库中可用版本
sudo apt update
# 安装 Docker
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin -y
# 验证安装
docker --version
docker compose version
# 启动 docker 守护进程，同时设置开机启动（这部分操作在虚拟机中无法使用，需要手动启动 docker）
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
或者
sudo systemctl enable --now docker

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1.2 安装方式2

便捷安装，安装的是最新版。

//------安装指令
# 便捷安装
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
# 验证安装
docker --version
docker compose version
# 启动 docker 守护进程，同时设置开机启动（这部分操作在虚拟机中无法使用，需要手动启动 docker）
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
或者
sudo systemctl enable --now docker
//------Log信息
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 zhaomeijing zhaomeijing 4096 Apr 28 15:05 ./
drwxr-xr-x 16 zhaomeijing zhaomeijing 4096 Apr 28 15:05 ../
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
# Executing docker install script, commit: e5543d473431b782227f8908005543bb4389b8de
+ sudo -E sh -c apt-get update -qq >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y -qq apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
+ sudo -E sh -c curl -fsSL "https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg" | gpg --dearmor --yes -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+ sudo -E sh -c chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+ sudo -E sh -c echo "deb [arch=arm64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian bookworm stable" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
+ sudo -E sh -c apt-get update -qq >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y -qq docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin docker-ce-rootless-extras docker-buildx-plugin >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 26.1.0
API version: 1.45
Go version: go1.21.9
Git commit: 9714adc
Built: Mon Apr 22 17:06:59 2024
OS/Arch: linux/arm64
Context: default
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 26.1.0
API version: 1.45 (minimum version 1.24)
Go version: go1.21.9
Git commit: c8af8eb
Built: Mon Apr 22 17:06:59 2024
OS/Arch: linux/arm64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.6.31
GitCommit: e377cd56a71523140ca6ae87e30244719194a521
runc:
Version: 1.1.12
GitCommit: v1.1.12-0-g51d5e94
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
================================================================================
To run Docker as a non-privileged user, consider setting up the
Docker daemon in rootless mode for your user:
dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh install
Visit https://docs.docker.com/go/rootless/ to learn about rootless mode.
To run the Docker daemon as a fully privileged service, but granting non-root
users access, refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/daemon-access/
WARNING: Access to the remote API on a privileged Docker daemon is equivalent
to root access on the host. Refer to the 'Docker daemon attack surface'
documentation for details: https://docs.docker.com/go/attack-surface/
================================================================================
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$

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//------Docker便捷安装：

2. Docker测试

Docker测试流程：

首先查看Docker版本，然后运行“hello-world”测试，最后删除Docker镜像。

测试指令如下：

//------测试指令
//---版本查看
docker --version
docker compose version
//---运行状态（无镜像）
sudo docker images
sudo docker ps -a
//---测试运行hello-world
sudo docker run hello-world
//---运行状态（有镜像）
sudo docker images
//---先删除Docker容器，再删除Docker镜像
sudo docker ps -a
sudo docker rm ff5d40552233
sudo docker images
sudo docker rmi ee301c921b8a
//------Log信息
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ docker --version
Docker version 26.1.0, build 9714adc
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ docker compose version
Docker Compose version v2.26.1
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
478afc919002: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a26bff933ddc26d5cdf7faa98b4ae1e3ec20c4985e6f87ac0973052224d24302
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(arm64v8)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest ee301c921b8a 12 months ago 9.14kB
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ff5d40552233 hello-world "/hello" 15 seconds ago Exited (0) 13 seconds ago compassionate_noyce
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ sudo docker rmi ee301c921b8a
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete ee301c921b8a (must be forced) - image is being used by stopped container ff5d40552233
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ff5d40552233 hello-world "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago compassionate_noyce
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ sudo docker rm ff5d40552233
ff5d40552233
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest ee301c921b8a 12 months ago 9.14kB
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ sudo docker rmi ee301c921b8a
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:a26bff933ddc26d5cdf7faa98b4ae1e3ec20c4985e6f87ac0973052224d24302
Deleted: sha256:ee301c921b8aadc002973b2e0c3da17d701dcd994b606769a7e6eaa100b81d44
Deleted: sha256:12660636fe55438cc3ae7424da7ac56e845cdb52493ff9cf949c47a7f57f8b43
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
zhaomeijing@raspberrypi5:~/workspace/15_docker$

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//------Docker测试结果：

3. 其他Docker指令

下面列出一些相对常用的Docker指令，更多指令请参考Docker帮助指令“docker -h”。

//------其他Docker指令
//---基础配置
# 开机自启动docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
# 启动docker
sudo systemctl start docker
# 查看docker运行状态
sudo systemctl status docker
//---建立Docker用户组
默认情况下，docker 命令会使用 Unix socket 与 Docker 引擎通讯。而只有 root 用户和 docker 组的用户才可以访问 Docker 引擎的 Unix socket。出于安全考虑，一般 Linux 系统上不会直接使用 root 用户。因此，更好地做法是将需要使用 docker 的用户加入 docker 用户组。
# 建立 docker 组：
sudo groupadd docker
# 将当前用户加入 docker 组：
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
# 重启docker
sudo service docker restart
# 切换当前会话到新 group
newgrp - docker
//---镜像与容器操作
# 列出镜像
docker image ls
# 删除本地镜像
docker image rm [选项] <镜像1> [<镜像2> ...]
# 列出正在运行的容器
docker ps
docker container ls
# 列出所有容器
docker ps -a
docker container ls -a
# 删除容器
docker container rm [选项] <容器1> [<容器2> ...]
# 清理掉所有处于终止状态的容器
docker container prune
# 终止容器
docker container stop [选项] <容器1> [<容器2> ...]
# 启动容器
docker container start [选项] <容器1> [<容器2> ...]
# 重启容器
docker container restart [选项] <容器1> [<容器2> ...]
# 容器与本地文件传输
docker cp 本地文件路径容器ID:容器路径
docker cp 容器ID:容器文件路径本地路径

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//------end

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